English Grammar: INTERJECTION

(विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय)

Definition (परिभाषा)

Interjection is a word or a group of words that expresses a sudden feeling, emotion, reaction, command, or mental response.
It often stands independently and is not grammatically connected with the rest of the sentence.

Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय) वह शब्द या शब्द-समूह है जो अचानक उत्पन्न भावना, प्रतिक्रिया, आदेश या मनोभाव को व्यक्त करता है।
यह प्रायः स्वतंत्र कथन होता है और वाक्य की व्याकरणिक संरचना से अलग रहता है।

Examples (उदाहरण)

• Oh! I forgot my keys.
• Wow! What a beautiful painting!
• Alas! The great leader is no more.
• Ouch! That hurts.
• Hey! Listen to me.

Position and Punctuation (स्थान एवं विराम-चिह्न)

🔹 Interjection सामान्यतः वाक्य के आरंभ में आता है।
🔹 इसके पहले या बाद pause (विराम) होता है।
🔹 लिखित भाषा में प्रायः ! (Exclamation Mark) का प्रयोग होता है।

Example:

• Ah! I understand now.
• He lost the match—alas!—despite hard work.

**Characteristics of Interjection

(विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय की विशेषताएँ)**

1. It is non-inflecting / indeclinable.
   (यह अविकारी होता है।)
2. It can be used alone.
   (यह अकेले भी प्रयोग हो सकता है।)
3. It expresses emotion, reaction, or signal, not detailed thought.
   (यह भाव या प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त करता है, विस्तृत विचार नहीं।)
4. It is grammatically independent.
   (यह वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों पर निर्भर नहीं होता।)

Types of Interjection (अर्थ के आधार पर वर्गीकरण)

Interjections are mainly classified into three types—

1. Volitive Interjections
2. Emotive Interjections
3. Cognitive Interjections

**1. Volitive Interjections

(आदेश / अनुरोध सूचक विस्मयादिबोधक)**

These interjections express command, request, warning, or control.

(ये श्रोता को कुछ करने या न करने का संकेत देते हैं।)

Examples

• Shh! (चुप रहो)
• Psst! (ध्यान आकर्षित करना)
• Stop! (रुको)
• Boo! (डराने या नापसंदगी व्यक्त करने हेतु)

Sentence Use:

• Shh! The baby is sleeping.

**2. Emotive Interjections

(भाव सूचक विस्मयादिबोधक)**

These interjections express joy, sorrow, surprise, pain, fear, anger, or disgust.

(ये खुशी, दुःख, आश्चर्य, पीड़ा, भय, घृणा आदि भाव प्रकट करते हैं।)

Examples

Sentence Use:

• Alas! We have lost the match.

**3. Cognitive Interjections

(विचार / सोच सूचक विस्मयादिबोधक)**

These interjections express thinking, realization, hesitation, or understanding.

(ये सोचने, समझने, संदेह या बोध की स्थिति दर्शाते हैं।)

Examples

• Hmm… (सोचना)
• Um… (झिझक)
• Oh! (अचानक बोध)
• Aha! (समाधान मिलना)

Sentence Use:

• Aha! Now I see the problem.

**Structural Classification

(संरचना के आधार पर वर्गीकरण)**

**1. Primary Interjections

(मूल विस्मयादिबोधक)**

Words which are originally and exclusively interjections.

(जो शब्द मूल रूप से ही interjection होते हैं।)

Examples

Oh!, Wow!, Oops!, Ah!, Huh!, Alas!

**2. Secondary Interjections

(द्वितीयक विस्मयादिबोधक)**

Words borrowed from other parts of speech but used as interjections.

(अन्य शब्द-भेदों से आए शब्द, जो interjection की तरह प्रयुक्त होते हैं।)

Examples

• Damn!
• Hell!
• Help!
• Thank God!
• Excuse me!

🔹 These may be single words or multi-word phrases.
(ये एक शब्द या बहु-शब्दीय वाक्यांश भी हो सकते हैं।)

**Interjection vs Other Parts of Speech

(परीक्षा हेतु अंतर)**

Important Exam Notes (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)

✔ Interjection is an indeclinable word
✔ It does not affect sentence grammar
✔ Often followed by !
✔ Can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence
✔ Used more in spoken and expressive language

INTERJECTION – 50 MCQs (School + Competitive)

A. Basic Identification (Q1–10)

1. Identify the interjection:
Wow! What a beautiful view!
A. What
B. beautiful
C. Wow
D. view
✅ Answer: C

2. Which of the following is an interjection?
A. Quickly
B. Alas
C. Happy
D. Because
✅ Answer: B

3. ‘Ouch!’ expresses —
A. Joy
B. Pain
C. Fear
D. Request
✅ Answer: B

4. Which word shows sudden emotion?
A. Think
B. Slowly
C. Oh
D. Write
✅ Answer: C

5. Identify the interjection:
Hey! Listen to me.
A. Listen
B. me
C. Hey
D. to
✅ Answer: C

6. Which is NOT an interjection?
A. Wow
B. Alas
C. Quickly
D. Oops
✅ Answer: C

7. ‘Ah!’ generally expresses —
A. Anger
B. Understanding
C. Fear
D. Pain
✅ Answer: B

8. Interjections are generally followed by —
A. Full stop
B. Question mark
C. Comma
D. Exclamation mark
✅ Answer: D

9. Which sentence contains an interjection?
A. She is very kind
B. He plays cricket
C. Oh! I forgot my book
D. This is my pen
✅ Answer: C

10. Interjection mainly expresses —
A. Action
B. Thought
C. Emotion
D. Tense
✅ Answer: C

B. Types of Interjections (Q11–25)

11. ‘Shh!’ is an example of —
A. Emotive interjection
B. Cognitive interjection
C. Volitive interjection
D. Secondary interjection
✅ Answer: C

12. ‘Alas!’ expresses —
A. Happiness
B. Sorrow
C. Command
D. Thinking
✅ Answer: B

13. ‘Hmm…’ shows —
A. Pain
B. Surprise
C. Thinking
D. Anger
✅ Answer: C

14. ‘Stop!’ is a —
A. Emotive interjection
B. Volitive interjection
C. Cognitive interjection
D. Secondary interjection
✅ Answer: B

15. ‘Wow!’ is used to express —
A. Disgust
B. Sorrow
C. Surprise
D. Request
✅ Answer: C

16. ‘Yuck!’ expresses —
A. Fear
B. Pain
C. Disgust
D. Joy
✅ Answer: C

17. ‘Aha!’ indicates —
A. Sudden pain
B. Command
C. Realisation
D. Anger
✅ Answer: C

18. ‘Psst!’ is used to —
A. Express pain
B. Attract attention quietly
C. Show happiness
D. Show fear
✅ Answer: B

19. Which is a Cognitive Interjection?
A. Alas
B. Ouch
C. Hmm
D. Stop
✅ Answer: C

20. Which interjection expresses fear?
A. Oh no!
B. Bravo!
C. Aha!
D. Well!
✅ Answer: A

21. ‘Bravo!’ expresses —
A. Pain
B. Praise
C. Anger
D. Disgust
✅ Answer: B

22. ‘Help!’ is an example of —
A. Primary interjection
B. Secondary interjection
C. Cognitive interjection
D. Emotive interjection
✅ Answer: B

23. Which interjection is used to show silence?
A. Shh!
B. Wow!
C. Alas!
D. Oops!
✅ Answer: A

24. ‘Oops!’ generally expresses —
A. Happiness
B. Mistake
C. Fear
D. Anger
✅ Answer: B

25. Which interjection expresses pain?
A. Oh!
B. Ouch!
C. Wow!
D. Hmm!
✅ Answer: B

C. Structure & Usage (Q26–40)

26. Interjection is a/an —
A. Inflected word
B. Declined word
C. Indeclinable word
D. Compound word
✅ Answer: C

27. Interjection is generally —
A. Grammatically connected
B. Dependent on verb
C. Independent of sentence
D. Used as subject
✅ Answer: C

28. Which punctuation mark is mostly used with interjections?
A. ,
B. ;
C. !
D. ?
✅ Answer: C

29. Interjection is mostly used in —
A. Formal writing
B. Mathematical language
C. Expressive language
D. Scientific reports
✅ Answer: C

30. Which part of speech can be used as a secondary interjection?
A. Noun
B. Verb
C. Phrase
D. All of these
✅ Answer: D

31. ‘Thank God!’ is a —
A. Primary interjection
B. Secondary interjection
C. Cognitive interjection
D. Volitive interjection
✅ Answer: B

32. Interjection usually appears —
A. Only at the end
B. Only in the middle
C. Only at the beginning
D. Anywhere in the sentence
✅ Answer: D

33. Interjections do NOT express —
A. Emotion
B. Reaction
C. Detailed thought
D. Feeling
✅ Answer: C

34. ‘Oh!’ in “Oh! I see now.” shows —
A. Pain
B. Realisation
C. Fear
D. Anger
✅ Answer: B

35. Interjection is optional in a sentence because —
A. It changes tense
B. It completes meaning
C. It is grammatically independent
D. It acts as a verb
✅ Answer: C

36. Which sentence is correct?
A. He alas lost the match
B. Alas! He lost the match
C. He lost alas the match
D. He lost the match alas
✅ Answer: B

37. ‘Hell!’ is an example of —
A. Primary interjection
B. Secondary interjection
C. Cognitive interjection
D. Volitive interjection
✅ Answer: B

38. Interjections are commonly found in —
A. Passive voice
B. Reported speech
C. Direct speech
D. Indirect narration
✅ Answer: C

39. Which is a multi-word interjection?
A. Wow
B. Oops
C. Thank God
D. Alas
✅ Answer: C

40. Interjection does not affect —
A. Meaning
B. Emotion
C. Grammar of sentence
D. Expression
✅ Answer: C

D. Error Spotting / Concept Check (Q41–50)

41. Alas he has failed the exam.
A. Alas
B. he
C. has
D. failed
✅ Answer: A (Needs punctuation: Alas!)

42. Wow I won the prize!
A. Wow
B. I
C. won
D. prize
✅ Answer: A (Wow!)

43. Shh the baby is sleeping.
A. Shh
B. the
C. baby
D. sleeping
✅ Answer: A (Shh!)

44. Oh I see the problem now.
A. Oh
B. see
C. problem
D. now
✅ Answer: A (Oh!)

45. Ouch expresses happiness.
A. Ouch
B. expresses
C. happiness
D. —
✅ Answer: C

46. Help is always a noun.
A. Help
B. always
C. a noun
D. —
✅ Answer: A (Can be interjection)

47. Hmm is a volitive interjection.
A. Hmm
B. is
C. a
D. volitive
✅ Answer: D (It is cognitive)

48. Stop! is an emotive interjection.
A. Stop
B. is
C. emotive
D. interjection
✅ Answer: C (Volitive)

49. Interjections change according to number.
A. Interjections
B. change
C. according to
D. number
✅ Answer: B

50. Interjection always forms a complete sentence.
A. Interjection
B. always
C. forms
D. sentence
✅ Answer: B