English Grammar – PREPOSITIONS (संबंध सूचक अव्यय)

Definition (परिभाषा)

Preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence.
It explains time, place, direction, cause, position, movement and relationship.

(जो शब्द वाक्य में संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का अन्य शब्दों से सम्बन्ध बताता है, उसे Preposition (संबंध सूचक अव्यय) कहते हैं।)

Examples (उदाहरण)

1. I am going to Canada.
   (मैं कनाडा जा रहा हूँ।)
2. Alex threw a stone into the pond.
   (एलेक्स ने तालाब में पत्थर फेंका।)
3. The present is inside the box.
   (उपहार डिब्बे के अंदर है।)
4. They have gone out of the town.
   (वे शहर से बाहर चले गए हैं।)

Important Facts about Prepositions (महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य)

1️⃣ Prepositions are a closed class of words.
No new preposition is added to the language.
(Preposition शब्दों का एक निश्चित वर्ग है, इसमें नए शब्द नहीं जुड़ते।)

2️⃣ Prepositions have no forms.
They cannot be plural, possessive or changed.
(Preposition का कोई बहुवचन या रूपांतरण नहीं होता।)

3️⃣ Most prepositions have many uses.
Hence, they may cause confusion.
(अधिकांश Preposition के कई प्रयोग होते हैं, इसलिए भ्रम हो सकता है।)

4️⃣ Sometimes a preposition may act as a noun, adjective or adverb.
(कभी-कभी Preposition संज्ञा, विशेषण या क्रिया-विशेषण की तरह भी काम करता है।)

Single-word and Phrasal Prepositions

🔹 Single-word Prepositions
at, in, on, by, with, from, to, of, for, over, under

🔹 Phrasal Prepositions (बहु-शब्दीय)
because of, in spite of, instead of, in front of, on behalf of, according to, out of, due to

Types of Prepositions (Preposition के प्रकार)

मुख्य रूप से Preposition के चार प्रकार होते हैं—

1. Prepositions of Time
2. Prepositions of Place and Direction
3. Prepositions of Agent or Thing
4. Phrasal Prepositions

1. Prepositions of Time (काल सूचक संबंध)

These prepositions show time relation.
(ये समय का संबंध बताते हैं।)

Common Prepositions

at, on, in, since, for, from, to, till, until, before, after, during, ago, by

Examples

1. He started working at 10 AM.
   (उसने सुबह 10 बजे काम शुरू किया।)
2. The meeting is on 25 October.
   (बैठक 25 अक्टूबर को है।)
3. There is a holiday in December.
   (दिसंबर में छुट्टी है।)
4. He has been ill since Monday.
   (वह सोमवार से बीमार है।)

**2. Prepositions of Place and Direction

(स्थान और दिशा सूचक संबंध)**

These prepositions show place, position and direction.
(ये स्थान, स्थिति और दिशा बताते हैं।)

Common Prepositions

at, in, on, by, from, to, towards, across, between, among, through, behind, in front of, above, over, under, below

Examples

1. He is at home.
   (वह घर पर है।)
2. He came from England.
   (वह इंग्लैंड से आया।)
3. The police broke into the house.
   (पुलिस घर में घुसी।)
4. I live across the river.
   (मैं नदी के पार रहता हूँ।)

**3. Prepositions of Agent or Thing

(कर्ता या वस्तु सूचक संबंध)**

These prepositions show cause, agent, instrument or relation.
(ये कारण, कर्ता, साधन या संबंध बताते हैं।)

Common Prepositions

of, by, with, for, about

Examples

1. This article is about smartphones.
   (यह लेख स्मार्टफोन के बारे में है।)
2. Most of the guests have left.
   (अधिकांश मेहमान जा चुके हैं।)
3. I will always be here for you.
   (मैं हमेशा तुम्हारे लिए यहाँ रहूँगा।)
4. He is playing with his brothers.
   (वह अपने भाइयों के साथ खेल रहा है।)

**4. Phrasal Prepositions

(वाक्यांशीय Prepositions)**

A phrasal preposition is a group of two or more words acting as a single preposition.
(दो या अधिक शब्द मिलकर जब Preposition का कार्य करें, तो उसे Phrasal Preposition कहते हैं।)

Common Phrasal Prepositions

according to, because of, in spite of, instead of, in front of, on account of, out of, with regard to

Examples

1. They along with their children went to Atlanta.
   (वे अपने बच्चों के साथ अटलांटा गए।)
2. According to the rules, he is wrong.
   (नियमों के अनुसार, वह गलत है।)
3. In spite of hard work, he failed.
   (कड़ी मेहनत के बावजूद वह असफल हुआ।)
4. I am going out of the city.
   (मैं शहर से बाहर जा रहा हूँ।)

⭐ Exam Points (परीक्षा के लिए महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)

✔ Preposition हमेशा noun/pronoun से पहले आता है।
✔ Preposition के बाद आने वाला noun object of preposition कहलाता है।
✔ Phrasal Prepositions को एक इकाई की तरह याद रखें।
✔ At / On / In का प्रयोग समय और स्थान में अलग-अलग होता है।

PREPOSITIONS – 50 MCQs (School + Competitive)

A. Basic Use of Prepositions (Q1–10)

1. She is sitting ___ the chair.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. under
✅ Answer: B

2. He goes to school ___ foot.
A. by
B. with
C. on
D. from
✅ Answer: C

3. The cat is hiding ___ the table.
A. over
B. on
C. under
D. behind
✅ Answer: C

4. We will meet ___ Monday.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
✅ Answer: C

5. He has lived here ___ 2018.
A. for
B. since
C. from
D. during
✅ Answer: B

6. The train arrives ___ 6 a.m.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. by
✅ Answer: B

7. She is afraid ___ dogs.
A. from
B. of
C. with
D. by
✅ Answer: B

8. He divided the money ___ his friends.
A. among
B. between
C. with
D. to
✅ Answer: A

9. The book is ___ the bag.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. over
✅ Answer: C

10. The sun rises ___ the east.
A. at
B. in
C. from
D. on
✅ Answer: B

B. Prepositions of Time (Q11–20)

11. He has been waiting ___ two hours.
A. since
B. from
C. for
D. during
✅ Answer: C

12. The meeting is ___ 10 a.m.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. by
✅ Answer: C

13. She was born ___ July.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. during
✅ Answer: C

14. I finished my work ___ time.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. by
✅ Answer: B

15. He left the office ___ the evening.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
✅ Answer: B

16. I have not seen him ___ last week.
A. for
B. since
C. from
D. during
✅ Answer: B

17. The shop remains closed ___ Sunday.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. for
✅ Answer: B

18. She completed the work ___ three days.
A. since
B. during
C. for
D. from
✅ Answer: C

19. The movie starts ___ noon.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. by
✅ Answer: C

20. He will stay here ___ Monday.
A. by
B. until
C. for
D. since
✅ Answer: B

C. Prepositions of Place & Direction (Q21–30)

21. The boy jumped ___ the river.
A. across
B. through
C. between
D. along
✅ Answer: A

22. She stood ___ me in the line.
A. beside
B. between
C. among
D. over
✅ Answer: A

23. The police ran ___ the thief.
A. after
B. behind
C. against
D. towards
✅ Answer: A

24. He came ___ the room quietly.
A. in
B. into
C. on
D. at
✅ Answer: B

25. The village lies ___ the river.
A. over
B. across
C. beside
D. among
✅ Answer: C

26. The plane flew ___ the clouds.
A. under
B. through
C. below
D. beside
✅ Answer: B

27. He is sitting ___ his father and mother.
A. among
B. between
C. with
D. beside
✅ Answer: B

28. The dog ran ___ the road.
A. over
B. along
C. across
D. through
✅ Answer: C

29. There is a bridge ___ the river.
A. across
B. over
C. on
D. above
✅ Answer: B

30. The teacher is standing ___ the class.
A. before
B. in front of
C. behind
D. among
✅ Answer: B

D. Phrasal Prepositions (Q31–40)

31. He did not attend the class ___ illness.
A. because
B. because of
C. due
D. for
✅ Answer: B

32. She succeeded ___ her hard work.
A. because
B. because of
C. due
D. in spite
✅ Answer: B

33. ___ the rain, the match continued.
A. Because
B. Due
C. In spite of
D. Instead
✅ Answer: C

34. He spoke ___ the rules.
A. according
B. according of
C. according to
D. according with
✅ Answer: C

35. He went there ___ me.
A. instead
B. instead of
C. apart
D. except
✅ Answer: B

36. She stood ___ the door.
A. in front
B. in front of
C. before of
D. ahead
✅ Answer: B

37. He acted ___ my advice.
A. according
B. according to
C. due to
D. because
✅ Answer: B

38. They went out ___ the city.
A. from
B. of
C. out of
D. off
✅ Answer: C

39. ___ his efforts, he failed.
A. Because of
B. Due to
C. In spite of
D. On account
✅ Answer: C

40. He spoke ___ behalf of his friend.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. with
✅ Answer: B

E. Error Spotting (Q41–50)

41. He is fond for music.
A. He
B. is
C. fond for
D. music
✅ Answer: C (fond of)

42. She insisted to go there.
A. She
B. insisted
C. to
D. go
✅ Answer: C (insisted on)

43. He is superior than me.
A. He
B. is
C. superior than
D. me
✅ Answer: C (superior to)

44. The train arrived on time at morning.
A. arrived
B. on time
C. at morning
D. —
✅ Answer: C (in the morning)

45. She married with a doctor.
A. She
B. married
C. with
D. doctor
✅ Answer: C (married to)

46. He is suffering from fever since two days.
A. suffering
B. from
C. since
D. two days
✅ Answer: C (for two days)

47. The boy jumped in the river.
A. The boy
B. jumped
C. in
D. river
✅ Answer: C (into)

48. She is good in mathematics.
A. She
B. is
C. good in
D. mathematics
✅ Answer: C (good at)

49. He reached at the station early.
A. reached
B. at
C. the
D. station
✅ Answer: B (reached the station)

50. I am angry on him.
A. I
B. am
C. angry on
D. him
✅ Answer: C (angry with)