English Grammar: PRONOUN

Definition: The word that is used in place of nouns is called Pronoun. ( संज्ञा के बदले आए हुए शब्द को सर्वनाम कहते है। )
Lets take an example and see the difference. Take a look below to sentences:
1) Rahul is absent because Rahul is ill. (राहुल अनुपस्थित है क्योंकि राहुल बीमार है। )
2) Rahul is absent because he is ill. (राहुल अनुपस्थित है क्योंकि वह बीमार है। )

In first sentence that proper noun ‘Rahul’ has been repeatedly used, whereas the use of he (pronoun) the second sentence looks better in compare to first sentence.
(पहले वाक्य मे बार-बार  राहुल उपयोग हो रहा है, दूसरे वाक्य मे राहुल की जगह पर वह उपयोग हो रहा है। )

Pronoun is divided into 8 parts (सर्वनाम के 8 भेद है।)
1) Personal Pronoun. (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम )
2) Possessive Pronoun (स्वत्वबोधक सर्वनाम)
3) Reflexive Pronoun (निजवाचक सर्वनाम )
4) Relative Pronoun (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम )
5) Demonstrative Pronoun (निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम )
6) Indefinite  Pronoun (अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम )
7) Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम )
8) Distributive Pronoun (वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम )

1) Personal Pronoun (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)

Words like I, me, he, she, it, they etc that directly represent the person or thing are called as personal pronoun.
(शब्द जैसे I, me, he, she, it, they आदि सीघे व्यक्ति या वस्तु को दरसाता है उसे व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है। )

Personal Pronoun Can be classified into three groups: (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम को तीन समूहो मे बॉटा गया है। )
a) First Person (प्रथम पुस्र्ष)
b) Second Person (मध्यम पुस्र्ष)
c) Third Person (अन्य पुस्र्ष )

a) First Person (प्रथम पुस्र्ष):
In this group, the pronoun refer to self like ‘I’ and ‘We’ are the pronouns of this group. (इस समूह मे स्वयं बात करने वाले को प्रथम पुस्र्ष कहते है। )
For Example:
I am a boy. (मैं एक लड़का हूँ। )
We are Friends (हम दोस्त हैं )

b) Second Person (मध्यम पुस्र्ष):
In this group, ‘you’ is the pronoun, that refers to the person who is being talked in this sentence. (इस समूह मे स्वयं जिसके बारे मे बात की जाए उसे मध्यम पुस्र्ष कहते है। )
For Example:
You are beautiful. (तुम सुंदर हो।)

c) Third Person (अन्य पुस्र्ष ):
In this group, ‘are’ is used to refer the third person such as “he, she, it, they, we” are used. ((इस समूह मे स्वयं जिसके बारे मे चर्चा की जा रही है उसे अन्य पुस्र्ष कहते है।)
For Example:
They are children. (वे बच्चे हैं।)
It is a book. (यह एक किताब है )

2) Possessive Pronoun (स्वत्वबोधक सर्वनाम)

The pronoun which shows the possession or ownership is called possessive pronoun. (वैसा सर्वनाम जिसमे स्वयं के भाव का बोध हो उसे कहते है )
like my, mine, hers, yours etc
For Example:
This is my house. (यह मेरा घर है। )
This is my book. (यह मेरी किताब है। )

3) Reflexive Pronoun. (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)

A reflexive pronoun is the action performed by the subject is on the subject itself. (वैसा सर्वनाम जिसमे निजत्व का बोघ हो और अधिपत्य का अहसास कराता हो उसे निजवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है)
For Example: Yourself, Myself.

I will do it myself. (यह मैं खुद करूंगा। )
You have hurt yourself. (तुम अपने आप को चोट पहुँचाई है । )

4) Relative Pronoun (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम )

Relative pronoun are used to relate two clauses which share a common word. (कुछ ऐसे सर्वनाम जो सबंध का बोध कराता हो उसे संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है )
For Example:
that, who, which etc
The man is standing there. That man is my brother (जो आदमी खड़ा है। वो आदमी मेरा भाई है। )

5) Demonstrative Pronoun (निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम)

In this type of pronoun, we often use the words such as ‘this’, ‘that’. It indicates the object that we try to describe. (कुछ ऐसे सर्वनाम जो निश्चितता को भावना का बोध कराता हो उसे निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है )
For Example:
This (यह)
That (वह)
This is my book. (यह मेरी किताब है। )
That is your pen. (वह तुम्हारा कलम है।)

6) Indefinite Pronoun (अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम)

The pronouns used in the sentence do not refer to any particular person or object. Pronouns that are used in a general way are called as indefinite pronouns.
(वैसे सर्वनाम जो अनिश्चय की स्थिति का बोध कराता है उसे अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है )
Any (कोई)
Something (कुछ )
For Example:
I need some money (मुझे कुछ पैसे चाहिए। )
Someone at the door (दरवाजे पर कोई है। )

7) Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)

The pronouns that are used for asking questions is known as interrogative pronoun. (वैसे सर्वनाम जो प्रश्न पूछने मे उपयोग करते है उसे प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है )
For Example:
Who (कौन)
Which (कौन सा )
Where (कहॉ )
What (क्या) etc (आदि ).

Who are you? (आप कौन हैं?)
Where are you? (आप कहां हैं? )
What are you doing? (आप क्या कर रहे हैं?) 

8) Distributive Pronoun (वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम)

The pronoun which refers to the person or things taken one at a time is called as distributive pronoun. (वैसे सर्वनाम जो एक समय मे एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु का बोध कराता है उसे वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है )
For Example:
Either (या तो)
Neither (न तो )
Each (प्रत्येक)
Each of these boys deserved a reward (इन लड़को में से प्रत्येक इनाम के हकदार है। )
We may go either today or tomorrow. (हम आज या तो कल जा सकते है। )

PRONOUN – Competitive Exam MCQs

A. Types of Pronouns (Q1–15)

1. Which type of pronoun is ‘myself’?
A. Personal
B. Reflexive
C. Emphatic
D. Relative
✅ Ans: B

2. ‘This is the boy who won the prize.’
‘Who’ is —
A. Interrogative Pronoun
B. Relative Pronoun
C. Demonstrative Pronoun
D. Reflexive Pronoun
✅ Ans: B

3. ‘Each of the students did his duty.’
‘Each’ is —
A. Distributive Pronoun
B. Indefinite Pronoun
C. Demonstrative Pronoun
D. Relative Pronoun
✅ Ans: A

4. ‘What is your name?’
‘What’ is —
A. Relative
B. Interrogative
C. Indefinite
D. Reflexive
✅ Ans: B

5. ‘Somebody has stolen my pen.’
‘Somebody’ is —
A. Relative
B. Indefinite
C. Demonstrative
D. Reciprocal
✅ Ans: B

6. ‘These are my books.’
‘These’ is —
A. Demonstrative
B. Relative
C. Reflexive
D. Emphatic
✅ Ans: A

7. ‘They blamed each other.’
‘Each other’ is —
A. Reflexive
B. Relative
C. Reciprocal
D. Indefinite
✅ Ans: C

8. ‘The man whom you met is my uncle.’
‘Whom’ is —
A. Relative
B. Interrogative
C. Demonstrative
D. Reflexive
✅ Ans: A

9. ‘I myself completed the work.’
‘Myself’ is —
A. Reflexive
B. Emphatic
C. Relative
D. Indefinite
✅ Ans: B

10. ‘None of the answers is correct.’
‘None’ is —
A. Distributive
B. Relative
C. Indefinite
D. Demonstrative
✅ Ans: C

11. ‘He who laughs last laughs best.’
First ‘who’ is —
A. Relative
B. Interrogative
C. Demonstrative
D. Indefinite
✅ Ans: A

12. ‘This is the same book that I lost.’
‘That’ is —
A. Demonstrative
B. Relative
C. Interrogative
D. Indefinite
✅ Ans: B

13. ‘One must do one’s duty.’
‘One’ is —
A. Personal
B. Relative
C. Indefinite
D. Demonstrative
✅ Ans: C

14. ‘Such was his arrogance.’
‘Such’ is —
A. Relative
B. Demonstrative
C. Indefinite
D. Reflexive
✅ Ans: B

15. ‘Who is knocking at the door?’
‘Who’ is —
A. Relative
B. Interrogative
C. Indefinite
D. Reciprocal
✅ Ans: B

B. Pronoun Agreement (Q16–30)

16. Each of the boys ___ done his work.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. were
✅ Ans: B

17. Everyone must bring ___ identity card.
A. their
B. his
C. her
D. its
✅ Ans: B

18. Neither of the girls ___ absent.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
✅ Ans: C

19. One should not waste ___ time.
A. his
B. her
C. their
D. one
✅ Ans: A

20. The committee has given ___ decision.
A. its
B. their
C. his
D. her
✅ Ans: A

21. Every boy and every girl ___ ready.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
✅ Ans: C

22. Someone left ___ umbrella here.
A. their
B. his
C. her
D. its
✅ Ans: B

23. None of the players ___ injured.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has
✅ Ans: B (SSC-type usage)

24. The jury gave ___ verdict.
A. its
B. their
C. his
D. her
✅ Ans: A

25. Each student must submit ___ form.
A. their
B. his
C. her
D. its
✅ Ans: B

26. The teacher asked the students to open ___ books.
A. his
B. her
C. their
D. its
✅ Ans: C

27. Everybody loves ___ own country.
A. his
B. her
C. their
D. its
✅ Ans: A

28. Either Ram or his brothers forgot ___ duty.
A. his
B. her
C. their
D. its
✅ Ans: C

29. Neither the teacher nor the students finished ___ work.
A. his
B. her
C. their
D. its
✅ Ans: C

30. One should keep ___ promises.
A. his
B. her
C. their
D. one
✅ Ans: A

C. Case of Pronouns (Q31–40)

31. It is ___ who did this.
A. him
B. he
C. his
D. himself
✅ Ans: B

32. Between you and ___, this matter is secret.
A. I
B. me
C. myself
D. mine
✅ Ans: B

33. She is taller than ___.
A. me
B. I
C. mine
D. myself
✅ Ans: B

34. They invited Ram and ___.
A. I
B. me
C. myself
D. mine
✅ Ans: B

35. This is ___ book.
A. my
B. me
C. mine
D. myself
✅ Ans: C

36. He gave the book to Ram and ___.
A. I
B. me
C. myself
D. mine
✅ Ans: B

37. Whom did you see?
Correct answer is —
A. Who
B. Whom
C. Whose
D. Which
✅ Ans: B

38. It was ___ mistake.
A. him
B. his
C. he
D. himself
✅ Ans: B

39. She is older than ___.
A. me
B. I am
C. I
D. mine
✅ Ans: C

40. This gift is for ___.
A. he
B. his
C. him
D. himself
✅ Ans: C

D. Error Spotting (Q41–50)

41. Everyone has forgotten their duty.
A. Everyone
B. has forgotten
C. their
D. duty
✅ Ans: C

42. Each of the girls have brought her bag.
A. Each
B. have brought
C. her
D. bag
✅ Ans: B

43. It was him who broke the glass.
A. It
B. was
C. him
D. broke
✅ Ans: C

44. One should respect their parents.
A. One
B. should respect
C. their
D. parents
✅ Ans: C

45. Between you and I, he is wrong.
A. Between
B. you
C. and I
D. wrong
✅ Ans: C

46. Neither of the boys have done his work.
A. Neither
B. have done
C. his
D. work
✅ Ans: B

47. The teacher told the student to bring his books.
A. teacher
B. told
C. student
D. his
✅ Ans: D

48. She blamed each other for the mistake.
A. She
B. blamed
C. each other
D. mistake
✅ Ans: C

49. This pen is your’s.
A. This
B. pen
C. is
D. your’s
✅ Ans: D

50. Who did you give the money to?
A. Who
B. did
C. give
D. to
✅ Ans: A (Whom should be used)