1. Noun (संज्ञा) – Definition / परिभाषा

English: A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, thing, or idea.

Hindi: किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, प्राणी, वस्तु या भाव के नाम को संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples / उदाहरण:

• Ram, Delhi, book, honesty
• राम, दिल्ली, पुस्तक, ईमानदारी

2. Types of Nouns (संज्ञा के प्रकार)

(A) Proper Noun (व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा)

English: A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing.

Hindi: किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान या वस्तु के नाम को व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

• Ram, Sita, India, Ganga
• राम, सीता, भारत, गंगा

(B) Common Noun (जातिवाचक संज्ञा)

English: A common noun is the name of a class or kind of person, place, or thing.

Hindi: किसी जाति या वर्ग के नाम को जातिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

• boy, girl, city, river
• लड़का, लड़की, शहर, नदी

(C) Collective Noun (समूहवाचक संज्ञा)

English: A collective noun is the name of a group or collection.

Hindi: जो संज्ञा समूह या संग्रह का बोध कराए, उसे समूहवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

🔹 People (व्यक्तियों के समूह)

🔹 Animals (जानवरों के समूह)

🔹 Birds (पक्षियों के समूह)

🔹 Things / Objects (वस्तुओं के समूह)

🔹 Abstract / Special Groups

(D) Material Noun – Definition (परिभाषा)

A Material Noun is the name of a substance or material from which things are made.
It cannot be counted, only measured or weighed.

Material Noun (द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा) वह संज्ञा है जो किसी पदार्थ या द्रव्य का नाम बताती है,
जिससे वस्तुएँ बनाई जाती हैं।
इसे गिना नहीं जा सकता, केवल मापा या तौला जाता है।

🔹 Metals (धातु)

🔹 Natural Substances (प्राकृतिक पदार्थ)

🔹 Food Materials (खाद्य पदार्थ)

🔹 Man-made Materials (कृत्रिम पदार्थ)

🔹 Liquids & Others (द्रव व अन्य)

(E) Abstract Noun (भाववाचक संज्ञा)

English: An abstract noun is the name of a quality, state, or idea.

Hindi: जो संज्ञा गुण, भाव या अवस्था का बोध कराए, उसे भाववाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

✨ Feelings / Emotions (भावनाएँ)

🧠 Qualities / Traits (गुण)

📚 States / Conditions (अवस्था)

🎓 Ideas / Concepts (विचार / अवधारणाएँ)

⏳ Actions as Abstract Noun (क्रिया से बने भाव)

Also Read :

• Number
• Gender
• Case

NOUN – Competitive Exam MCQs (SSC | TET | Vyapam)

A. Type of Noun (Q1–15)

1. Identify the type of noun: “Honesty is the best policy.”
A. Common
B. Proper
C. Abstract
D. Collective
✅ Ans: C

2. Which of the following is NOT a Material Noun?
A. Gold
B. Iron
C. Milk
D. Table
✅ Ans: D

3. ‘The jury has given its verdict.’
The noun ‘jury’ is —
A. Common
B. Abstract
C. Collective
D. Proper
✅ Ans: C

4. Which sentence contains a Proper Noun used as a Common Noun?
A. Kalidas is a poet
B. He is the Newton of India
C. I met Ram
D. Delhi is crowded
✅ Ans: B

5. ‘Childhood’ is —
A. Abstract Noun
B. Material Noun
C. Common Noun
D. Proper Noun
✅ Ans: A

6. Which noun is both Common & Collective?
A. Army
B. Crowd
C. Both A & B
D. None
✅ Ans: C

7. ‘The poor are suffering.’
‘Poor’ is —
A. Adjective
B. Proper Noun
C. Abstract Noun
D. Common Noun
✅ Ans: D

8. Identify the Abstract Noun:
A. Laughter
B. Pencil
C. Army
D. Gold
✅ Ans: A

9. ‘Furniture’ is a —
A. Countable Noun
B. Uncountable Noun
C. Proper Noun
D. Collective Noun
✅ Ans: B

10. Which is a Collective Noun?
A. Bunch
B. Rope
C. Stone
D. Table
✅ Ans: A

11. ‘Wisdom comes with age.’
‘Wisdom’ is —
A. Common
B. Abstract
C. Material
D. Collective
✅ Ans: B

12. ‘Team’ when treated as individuals becomes —
A. Singular
B. Plural
C. Abstract
D. Proper
✅ Ans: B

13. ‘Gold is costly.’
‘Gold’ is —
A. Proper
B. Abstract
C. Material
D. Collective
✅ Ans: C

14. Which is NOT an Abstract Noun?
A. Love
B. Fear
C. Thought
D. Book
✅ Ans: D

15. ‘Audience’ usually takes —
A. Singular verb
B. Plural verb
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: C

B. Number of Nouns (Q16–30)

16. Plural of ‘Crisis’ is —
A. Crisises
B. Crisis
C. Crises
D. Crisys
✅ Ans: C

17. Plural of ‘Index’ (Maths sense) —
A. Indexes
B. Indices
C. Index
D. Both A & B
✅ Ans: B

18. ‘Scenery’ is —
A. Singular
B. Plural
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: A

19. Plural of ‘Phenomenon’ —
A. Phenomenons
B. Phenomena
C. Phenomenaes
D. Phenomenas
✅ Ans: B

20. Which noun has SAME singular & plural form?
A. Sheep
B. Deer
C. Aircraft
D. All
✅ Ans: D

21. Plural of ‘Brother’ (members of religious order) —
A. Brothers
B. Brethren
C. Brotheres
D. Both A & B
✅ Ans: B

22. ‘Advice’ is —
A. Countable
B. Uncountable
C. Plural
D. Collective
✅ Ans: B

23. Plural of ‘Ox’ —
A. Oxes
B. Ox
C. Oxen
D. Oxis
✅ Ans: C

24. ‘Luggage’ takes —
A. Singular verb
B. Plural verb
C. Either
D. None
✅ Ans: A

25. Plural of ‘Medium’ (spiritual sense) —
A. Mediums
B. Media
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: A

26. Plural of ‘Basis’ —
A. Basises
B. Bases
C. Basis
D. Base
✅ Ans: B

27. ‘News’ is —
A. Plural
B. Singular
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: B

28. Plural of ‘Analysis’ —
A. Analysises
B. Analyses
C. Analysis
D. Analys
✅ Ans: B

29. ‘Each of the boys ___ present.’
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
✅ Ans: C

30. ‘The cattle ___ grazing.’
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. has
✅ Ans: C

C. Gender (Q31–40)

31. Feminine of ‘Bachelor’ —
A. Maid
B. Spinster
C. Widow
D. Nun
✅ Ans: B

32. Masculine of ‘Widow’ —
A. Bachelor
B. Widower
C. Husband
D. Monk
✅ Ans: B

33. Common Gender noun is —
A. Teacher
B. King
C. Queen
D. Stallion
✅ Ans: A

34. Feminine of ‘Administrator’ —
A. Administratrix
B. Administrator
C. Adminess
D. Lady Admin
✅ Ans: A

35. Masculine of ‘Doe’ —
A. Buck
B. Ram
C. Stag
D. Bull
✅ Ans: A

36. ‘Child’ is —
A. Masculine
B. Feminine
C. Common Gender
D. Neuter
✅ Ans: C

37. Feminine of ‘Hero’ —
A. Heroess
B. Heroine
C. Lady Hero
D. Female Hero
✅ Ans: B

38. Neuter Gender noun —
A. Boy
B. Girl
C. Book
D. Teacher
✅ Ans: C

39. Masculine of ‘Witch’ —
A. Wizard
B. Monk
C. Priest
D. Magician
✅ Ans: A

40. ‘Baby’ is —
A. Masculine
B. Feminine
C. Common
D. Neuter
✅ Ans: C

D. Case of Noun (Q41–50)

41. ‘Rahul broke the glass.’
Case of ‘Rahul’ —
A. Objective
B. Possessive
C. Nominative
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: C

42. ‘This pen is Mohan’s.’
Case of ‘Mohan’s’ —
A. Objective
B. Nominative
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: C

43. ‘She called Rina.’
Case of ‘Rina’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: B

44. ‘O Lord, forgive us.’
Case of ‘Lord’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: D

45. ‘The boy’s father is a teacher.’
Case of ‘boy’s’ —
A. Objective
B. Possessive
C. Nominative
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: B

46. ‘Students obey your teachers.’
Case of ‘Students’ —
A. Vocative
B. Nominative
C. Objective
D. Possessive
✅ Ans: A

47. ‘He gave me a book.’
Case of ‘me’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: B

48. ‘Ram is honest.’
Case of ‘Ram’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: A

49. ‘This is the girl’s bag.’
Case of ‘girl’s’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: C

50. ‘Friends, let us unite.’
Case of ‘Friends’ —
A. Objective
B. Nominative
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: D