📘 NUMBER (वचन) – COMPETITIVE NOTES
(School + Competitive | Hindi + English)
1️⃣ Number (वचन) – Definition
Hindi:
संज्ञा के एक या एक से अधिक होने की स्थिति को वचन (Number) कहते हैं।
English:
Number shows whether a noun is one (Singular) or more than one (Plural).
2️⃣ Types of Number (वचन के प्रकार)
🔹 Singular (एकवचन)
👉 One person / thing
Examples: Boy, Child, One book
🔹 Plural (बहुवचन)
👉 More than one
Examples: Boys, Children, Many books
3️⃣ Plural Formation Rules (बहुवचन बनाने के नियम)
✅ Rule 1: + s
Most nouns
- Book → Books
- Pen → Pens
✅ Rule 2: + es
Ends with s, sh, ch, x, z
- Bus → Buses
- Watch → Watches
- Box → Boxes
✅ Rule 3: y → ies
(Consonant + y)
- Baby → Babies
- City → Cities
📌 Trick: y हटाओ + ies
✅ Rule 4: y → s
(Vowel + y)
- Toy → Toys
- Day → Days
✅ Rule 5: f / fe → ves
- Wife → Wives
- Leaf → Leaves
- Knife → Knives
✅ Rule 6: o → es (Few words)
- Potato → Potatoes
- Hero → Heroes
✅ Rule 7: o → s (Most words)
- Photo → Photos
- Piano → Pianos
4️⃣ Irregular Plurals (अनियमित बहुवचन)
(No rule – must memorize)
- Man → Men
- Woman → Women
- Child → Children
- Foot → Feet
- Tooth → Teeth
- Mouse → Mice
- Goose → Geese
- Ox → Oxen
5️⃣ Same Singular & Plural Form
(एकवचन–बहुवचन समान)
- Deer → Deer
- Sheep → Sheep
✔ Three sheep
6️⃣ Always Plural Nouns
(हमेशा are लगेगा)
- Police
- Cattle
- People
- Scissors, trousers, glasses, pants
✔ Police are coming.
✔ Cattle are grazing.
7️⃣ Always Singular Nouns
(हमेशा is लगेगा)
- News
- Mathematics
- Furniture
- Advice, Information
✔ News is good.
✔ Mathematics is difficult.
8️⃣ Common Exam Errors (Very Important ⚠️)
❌ Childs → ✔ Children
❌ Tooths → ✔ Teeth
❌ Wifes → ✔ Wives
❌ Police is → ✔ Police are
❌ Mathematics are → ✔ Mathematics is
9️⃣ Super Memory Tricks (One-Look Revision)
- + s → Normal nouns
- s/sh/ch/x → + es
- Consonant + y → ies
- f / fe → ves
- 5 Golden Irregulars:
Man–Men | Child–Children | Foot–Feet | Tooth–Teeth | Mouse–Mice - Police / Cattle / People → are
- News / Furniture / Mathematics → is
🔟 Mini Practice (Competitive Pattern)
- Baby → ? → Babies
- Box → ? → Boxes
- Sheep (plural) → Sheep
- The news ___ true. → is
- Cattle ___ grazing. → are