1. Noun (संज्ञा) – Definition / परिभाषा

English: A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, thing, or idea.

Hindi: किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, प्राणी, वस्तु या भाव के नाम को संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples / उदाहरण:

• Ram, Delhi, book, honesty
• राम, दिल्ली, पुस्तक, ईमानदारी

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2. Types of Nouns (संज्ञा के प्रकार)

(A) Proper Noun (व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा)

English: A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing.

Hindi: किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान या वस्तु के नाम को व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

• Ram, Sita, India, Ganga
• राम, सीता, भारत, गंगा

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(B) Common Noun (जातिवाचक संज्ञा)

English: A common noun is the name of a class or kind of person, place, or thing.

Hindi: किसी जाति या वर्ग के नाम को जातिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

• boy, girl, city, river
• लड़का, लड़की, शहर, नदी

Proper Noun (व्यक्तिवाचक)	Related Common Noun (जातिवाचक)
Ram	Boy / Man
Sita	Girl / Woman
Delhi	City
Ganga	River
Taj Mahal	Monument
India	Country
Mahatma Gandhi	Leader / Freedom Fighter
Sachin Tendulkar	Cricketer
Mount Everest	Mountain
Amazon	River

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(C) Collective Noun (समूहवाचक संज्ञा)

English: A collective noun is the name of a group or collection.

Hindi: जो संज्ञा समूह या संग्रह का बोध कराए, उसे समूहवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

🔹 People (व्यक्तियों के समूह)

Collective Noun	Meaning
Crowd	भीड़
Team	टीम
Class	कक्षा
Army	सेना
Police	पुलिस बल
Committee	समिति
Jury	निर्णायक मंडल
Staff	कर्मचारी वर्ग
Audience	दर्शक
Family	परिवार

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🔹 Animals (जानवरों के समूह)

Collective Noun	Meaning
Herd	झुंड (गाय, हाथी)
Flock	झुंड (पक्षी, भेड़)
Pack	झुंड (कुत्ते, भेड़िये)
Pride	शेरों का समूह
School	मछलियों का झुंड
Swarm	मधुमक्खियों / कीड़ों का झुंड
Litter	पिल्लों का समूह
Colony	चींटियों का समूह
Troop	बंदरों का दल
Gaggle	हंसों का झुंड

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🔹 Birds (पक्षियों के समूह)

Collective Noun	Meaning
Flock	पक्षियों का झुंड
Flight	उड़ते पक्षियों का समूह
Nest	घोंसला (पक्षियों का समूह)
Aviary	पक्षियों का समूह
Brood	चूजों का समूह
Parliament	उल्लुओं का समूह
Murmuration	स्टार्लिंग पक्षियों का समूह
Covey	तीतरों का समूह

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🔹 Things / Objects (वस्तुओं के समूह)

Collective Noun	Meaning
Bunch	गुच्छा
Bundle	गठ्ठर
Heap	ढेर
Stack	ढेर (सलीके से रखा)
Set	सेट
Pair	जोड़ा
Group	समूह
Collection	संग्रह
Cluster	गुच्छ
Fleet	जहाजों का समूह

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🔹 Abstract / Special Groups

Collective Noun	Meaning
Galaxy	तारों का समूह
Constellation	नक्षत्र समूह
Batch	बैच
Series	श्रृंखला
Range	पर्वत श्रृंखला
Orchestra	वाद्यवृंद
Choir	गायकों का समूह
Panel	विशेषज्ञों का समूह
Board	निदेशक मंडल
Parliament	संसद

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(D) Material Noun – Definition (परिभाषा)

A Material Noun is the name of a substance or material from which things are made.
It cannot be counted, only measured or weighed.

Material Noun (द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा) वह संज्ञा है जो किसी पदार्थ या द्रव्य का नाम बताती है,
जिससे वस्तुएँ बनाई जाती हैं।
इसे गिना नहीं जा सकता, केवल मापा या तौला जाता है।

🔹 Metals (धातु)

English	Hindi
Gold	सोना
Silver	चाँदी
Iron	लोहा
Copper	ताँबा
Aluminium	एल्युमिनियम
Zinc	जस्ता
Lead	सीसा
Tin	टिन
Steel	इस्पात
Mercury	पारा

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🔹 Natural Substances (प्राकृतिक पदार्थ)

English	Hindi
Water	पानी
Air	हवा
Soil	मिट्टी
Sand	रेत
Clay	चिकनी मिट्टी
Wood	लकड़ी
Stone	पत्थर
Coal	कोयला
Oil	तेल
Gas	गैस

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🔹 Food Materials (खाद्य पदार्थ)

English	Hindi
Milk	दूध
Rice	चावल
Wheat	गेहूँ
Sugar	चीनी
Salt	नमक
Butter	मक्खन
Cheese	पनीर
Honey	शहद
Flour	आटा
Oil	खाद्य तेल

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🔹 Man-made Materials (कृत्रिम पदार्थ)

English	Hindi
Plastic	प्लास्टिक
Glass	काँच
Cement	सीमेंट
Paper	कागज़
Rubber	रबर
Nylon	नायलॉन
Polyester	पॉलिएस्टर
Concrete	कंक्रीट
Fiber	रेशा
Leather	चमड़ा

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🔹 Liquids & Others (द्रव व अन्य)

English	Hindi
Ink	स्याही
Juice	रस
Petrol	पेट्रोल
Diesel	डीज़ल
Kerosene	मिट्टी का तेल
Paint	पेंट
Alcohol	शराब
Acid	अम्ल
Milkshake	शेक
Syrup	चाशनी

(E) Abstract Noun (भाववाचक संज्ञा)

English: An abstract noun is the name of a quality, state, or idea.

Hindi: जो संज्ञा गुण, भाव या अवस्था का बोध कराए, उसे भाववाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Examples:

✨ Feelings / Emotions (भावनाएँ)

English	Hindi
Love	प्रेम
Hate	घृणा
Joy	आनंद
Happiness	खुशी
Sadness	दुःख
Fear	भय
Anger	क्रोध
Surprise	आश्चर्य
Peace	शांति
Hope	आशा

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🧠 Qualities / Traits (गुण)

English	Hindi
Honesty	ईमानदारी
Bravery	बहादुरी
Wisdom	बुद्धिमत्ता
Kindness	दया
Patience	धैर्य
Loyalty	निष्ठा
Humility	विनम्रता
Courage	साहस
Confidence	आत्मविश्वास
Discipline	अनुशासन

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📚 States / Conditions (अवस्था)

English	Hindi
Childhood	बचपन
Youth	युवावस्था
Poverty	गरीबी
Richness	समृद्धि
Freedom	स्वतंत्रता
Slavery	दासता
Health	स्वास्थ्य
Illness	बीमारी
Sleep	नींद
Death	मृत्यु

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🎓 Ideas / Concepts (विचार / अवधारणाएँ)

English	Hindi
Knowledge	ज्ञान
Education	शिक्षा
Truth	सत्य
Justice	न्याय
Faith	आस्था
Belief	विश्वास
Idea	विचार
Culture	संस्कृति
Democracy	लोकतंत्र
Progress	प्रगति

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⏳ Actions as Abstract Noun (क्रिया से बने भाव)

English	Hindi
Reading	पठन
Writing	लेखन
Teaching	शिक्षण
Learning	अधिगम
Movement	गति
Growth	विकास
Success	सफलता
Failure	असफलता
Struggle	संघर्ष
Service	सेवा

Also Read :

• Number
• Gender
• Case

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NOUN – Competitive Exam MCQs (SSC | TET | Vyapam)

A. Type of Noun (Q1–15)

1. Identify the type of noun: “Honesty is the best policy.”
A. Common
B. Proper
C. Abstract
D. Collective
✅ Ans: C

2. Which of the following is NOT a Material Noun?
A. Gold
B. Iron
C. Milk
D. Table
✅ Ans: D

3. ‘The jury has given its verdict.’
The noun ‘jury’ is —
A. Common
B. Abstract
C. Collective
D. Proper
✅ Ans: C

4. Which sentence contains a Proper Noun used as a Common Noun?
A. Kalidas is a poet
B. He is the Newton of India
C. I met Ram
D. Delhi is crowded
✅ Ans: B

5. ‘Childhood’ is —
A. Abstract Noun
B. Material Noun
C. Common Noun
D. Proper Noun
✅ Ans: A

6. Which noun is both Common & Collective?
A. Army
B. Crowd
C. Both A & B
D. None
✅ Ans: C

7. ‘The poor are suffering.’
‘Poor’ is —
A. Adjective
B. Proper Noun
C. Abstract Noun
D. Common Noun
✅ Ans: D

8. Identify the Abstract Noun:
A. Laughter
B. Pencil
C. Army
D. Gold
✅ Ans: A

9. ‘Furniture’ is a —
A. Countable Noun
B. Uncountable Noun
C. Proper Noun
D. Collective Noun
✅ Ans: B

10. Which is a Collective Noun?
A. Bunch
B. Rope
C. Stone
D. Table
✅ Ans: A

11. ‘Wisdom comes with age.’
‘Wisdom’ is —
A. Common
B. Abstract
C. Material
D. Collective
✅ Ans: B

12. ‘Team’ when treated as individuals becomes —
A. Singular
B. Plural
C. Abstract
D. Proper
✅ Ans: B

13. ‘Gold is costly.’
‘Gold’ is —
A. Proper
B. Abstract
C. Material
D. Collective
✅ Ans: C

14. Which is NOT an Abstract Noun?
A. Love
B. Fear
C. Thought
D. Book
✅ Ans: D

15. ‘Audience’ usually takes —
A. Singular verb
B. Plural verb
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: C

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B. Number of Nouns (Q16–30)

16. Plural of ‘Crisis’ is —
A. Crisises
B. Crisis
C. Crises
D. Crisys
✅ Ans: C

17. Plural of ‘Index’ (Maths sense) —
A. Indexes
B. Indices
C. Index
D. Both A & B
✅ Ans: B

18. ‘Scenery’ is —
A. Singular
B. Plural
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: A

19. Plural of ‘Phenomenon’ —
A. Phenomenons
B. Phenomena
C. Phenomenaes
D. Phenomenas
✅ Ans: B

20. Which noun has SAME singular & plural form?
A. Sheep
B. Deer
C. Aircraft
D. All
✅ Ans: D

21. Plural of ‘Brother’ (members of religious order) —
A. Brothers
B. Brethren
C. Brotheres
D. Both A & B
✅ Ans: B

22. ‘Advice’ is —
A. Countable
B. Uncountable
C. Plural
D. Collective
✅ Ans: B

23. Plural of ‘Ox’ —
A. Oxes
B. Ox
C. Oxen
D. Oxis
✅ Ans: C

24. ‘Luggage’ takes —
A. Singular verb
B. Plural verb
C. Either
D. None
✅ Ans: A

25. Plural of ‘Medium’ (spiritual sense) —
A. Mediums
B. Media
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: A

26. Plural of ‘Basis’ —
A. Basises
B. Bases
C. Basis
D. Base
✅ Ans: B

27. ‘News’ is —
A. Plural
B. Singular
C. Both
D. None
✅ Ans: B

28. Plural of ‘Analysis’ —
A. Analysises
B. Analyses
C. Analysis
D. Analys
✅ Ans: B

29. ‘Each of the boys ___ present.’
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
✅ Ans: C

30. ‘The cattle ___ grazing.’
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. has
✅ Ans: C

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C. Gender (Q31–40)

31. Feminine of ‘Bachelor’ —
A. Maid
B. Spinster
C. Widow
D. Nun
✅ Ans: B

32. Masculine of ‘Widow’ —
A. Bachelor
B. Widower
C. Husband
D. Monk
✅ Ans: B

33. Common Gender noun is —
A. Teacher
B. King
C. Queen
D. Stallion
✅ Ans: A

34. Feminine of ‘Administrator’ —
A. Administratrix
B. Administrator
C. Adminess
D. Lady Admin
✅ Ans: A

35. Masculine of ‘Doe’ —
A. Buck
B. Ram
C. Stag
D. Bull
✅ Ans: A

36. ‘Child’ is —
A. Masculine
B. Feminine
C. Common Gender
D. Neuter
✅ Ans: C

37. Feminine of ‘Hero’ —
A. Heroess
B. Heroine
C. Lady Hero
D. Female Hero
✅ Ans: B

38. Neuter Gender noun —
A. Boy
B. Girl
C. Book
D. Teacher
✅ Ans: C

39. Masculine of ‘Witch’ —
A. Wizard
B. Monk
C. Priest
D. Magician
✅ Ans: A

40. ‘Baby’ is —
A. Masculine
B. Feminine
C. Common
D. Neuter
✅ Ans: C

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D. Case of Noun (Q41–50)

41. ‘Rahul broke the glass.’
Case of ‘Rahul’ —
A. Objective
B. Possessive
C. Nominative
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: C

42. ‘This pen is Mohan’s.’
Case of ‘Mohan’s’ —
A. Objective
B. Nominative
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: C

43. ‘She called Rina.’
Case of ‘Rina’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: B

44. ‘O Lord, forgive us.’
Case of ‘Lord’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: D

45. ‘The boy’s father is a teacher.’
Case of ‘boy’s’ —
A. Objective
B. Possessive
C. Nominative
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: B

46. ‘Students obey your teachers.’
Case of ‘Students’ —
A. Vocative
B. Nominative
C. Objective
D. Possessive
✅ Ans: A

47. ‘He gave me a book.’
Case of ‘me’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: B

48. ‘Ram is honest.’
Case of ‘Ram’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: A

49. ‘This is the girl’s bag.’
Case of ‘girl’s’ —
A. Nominative
B. Objective
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: C

50. ‘Friends, let us unite.’
Case of ‘Friends’ —
A. Objective
B. Nominative
C. Possessive
D. Vocative
✅ Ans: D