English Grammar – ADVERB (क्रिया-विशेषण)
Definition (परिभाषा)
Adverb is a word or a group of words that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
It tells when, where, how, how much, or how often an action is done.
(जो शब्द क्रिया, विशेषण या अन्य क्रिया-विशेषण की विशेषता बताते हैं, उन्हें क्रिया-विशेषण (Adverb) कहते हैं।
यह बताता है कि कार्य कब, कहाँ, कैसे, कितनी मात्रा में या कितनी बार हुआ।)
Important Points (महत्वपूर्ण बातें)
🔹 Many adverbs end with -ly, but all -ly words are not adverbs.
(अनेक क्रिया-विशेषण -ly से समाप्त होते हैं, लेकिन सभी -ly शब्द adverb नहीं होते।)
🔹 Some words can be adjective or adverb according to their use in a sentence.
(कुछ शब्द वाक्य में प्रयोग के अनुसार विशेषण या क्रिया-विशेषण हो सकते हैं।)
Example:
- He works hard. (Adverb)
- It is a hard task. (Adjective)
Examples of Adverbs (उदाहरण)
- Robin is always hungry for success.
(रॉबिन हमेशा सफलता के लिए भूखा रहता है।) - I love her very much.
(मैं उससे बहुत अधिक प्रेम करता हूँ।) - He is running fast.
(वह तेज़ दौड़ रहा है।) - Alex works hard.
(एलेक्स मेहनत करता है।) - He wrote that willingly.
(उसने वह स्वेच्छा से लिखा।)
Adverb Clause and Adverb Phrase
Adverb Clause (क्रिया-विशेषण उपवाक्य)
A group of words having a subject and a verb, which modifies the main verb.
(ऐसा उपवाक्य जिसमें subject और verb हों तथा जो मुख्य क्रिया की विशेषता बताए।)
Example:
- He ran toward the bus until he was tired.
(वह बस की ओर दौड़ा जब तक वह थक नहीं गया।)
Adverb Phrase (क्रिया-विशेषण वाक्यांश)
A group of words without subject and verb that acts as an adverb.
(ऐसा शब्द-समूह जिसमें subject और verb न हों, परन्तु जो क्रिया-विशेषण का कार्य करे।)
Examples:
- He came carrying his box with two hands.
- We were panicked without any reason.
Types of Adverbs (क्रिया-विशेषण के प्रकार)
मुख्य रूप से Adverbs के छः प्रकार होते हैं—
- Conjunctive Adverbs
- Sentence Adverbs
- Adverbs of Time / Frequency
- Adverbs of Place / Direction
- Adverbs of Degree
- Adverbs of Manner
1. Conjunctive Adverbs (संयोजक क्रिया-विशेषण)
A conjunctive adverb joins independent clauses and shows relation between ideas.
(यह स्वतंत्र वाक्यों को जोड़ता है और उनके बीच संबंध बताता है।)
Common Words:
However, therefore, nonetheless, consequently, moreover
Examples:
- It rained last night. Nonetheless, the match was not cancelled.
- We are confused; however, the umpires may come.
- There was a drought; consequently, crops failed.
2. Sentence Adverbs (वाक्य-सूचक क्रिया-विशेषण)
A sentence adverb modifies the entire sentence and usually comes at the beginning.
(यह पूरे वाक्य की विशेषता बताता है और प्रायः वाक्य के प्रारंभ में आता है।)
Examples:
- Hopefully, we will win the match.
- Apparently, the sky is cloudy.
- Certainly, I did not plan to come.
3. Adverbs of Time / Frequency (काल / आवृत्ति सूचक)
They answer the question When? / How often?
(यह बताते हैं कि कार्य कब या कितनी बार हुआ।)
Common Words:
Always, never, often, yesterday, now, occasionally, on Monday, at 10 AM
Examples:
- I went to school late yesterday.
- He always gets good marks.
- I will leave on Monday.
- He smokes occasionally.
4. Adverbs of Place / Direction (स्थान / दिशा सूचक)
They answer the question Where?
(यह बताते हैं कि कार्य कहाँ हुआ।)
Common Words:
Here, there, outside, inside, across, through, upstairs, in the field
Examples:
- I went through the jungle.
- He plays in the field.
- She is staying at my home.
5. Adverbs of Degree (परिमाण / मात्रा सूचक)
They answer the question How much? / To what extent?
(यह कार्य की मात्रा या स्तर बताते हैं।)
Common Words:
Very, completely, nearly, thoroughly, so, hardly, much
Examples:
- She completely forgot the date.
- I read the book thoroughly.
- I am so excited.
- Robin hardly studies.
6. Adverbs of Manner (रीति सूचक)
They answer the question How?
(यह बताते हैं कि कार्य किस प्रकार हुआ।)
Common Words:
Carefully, quickly, equally, nicely, beautifully, patiently
Examples:
- Divide the prizes equally.
- Handle the camera carefully.
- He is running fast.
ADVERB – 50 MCQs (School + Competitive Exams)
A. Identification of Adverb (Q1–10)
1. Identify the adverb in the sentence:
He runs fast.
A. He
B. runs
C. fast
D. —
✅ Answer: C
2. Which word is an adverb?
A. Beauty
B. Honest
C. Slowly
D. Kind
✅ Answer: C
3. ‘She speaks very politely.’
The adverb is —
A. speaks
B. very
C. politely
D. she
✅ Answer: C
4. Identify the adverb:
I will come tomorrow.
A. will
B. come
C. tomorrow
D. I
✅ Answer: C
5. Which word modifies the verb?
A. Book
B. Quickly
C. Blue
D. Honest
✅ Answer: B
6. ‘Alex works hard.’
The word ‘hard’ is —
A. Noun
B. Adjective
C. Adverb
D. Pronoun
✅ Answer: C
7. Which sentence contains an adverb?
A. She is tall
B. He is a boy
C. She sings sweetly
D. This is a pen
✅ Answer: C
8. Identify the adverb:
They are here.
A. they
B. are
C. here
D. —
✅ Answer: C
9. Which word answers the question “How?”
A. Yesterday
B. There
C. Carefully
D. Often
✅ Answer: C
10. Which is NOT an adverb?
A. Very
B. Often
C. Friendly
D. Slowly
✅ Answer: C
B. Types of Adverbs (Q11–25)
11. ‘He always speaks the truth.’
‘Always’ is an adverb of —
A. Place
B. Manner
C. Time/Frequency
D. Degree
✅ Answer: C
12. ‘She lives nearby.’
‘Nearby’ is an adverb of —
A. Time
B. Place
C. Manner
D. Degree
✅ Answer: B
13. ‘The work is completely done.’
‘Completely’ is an adverb of —
A. Manner
B. Time
C. Degree
D. Place
✅ Answer: C
14. ‘He spoke politely.’
‘Politely’ is an adverb of —
A. Place
B. Time
C. Degree
D. Manner
✅ Answer: D
15. ‘I met him yesterday.’
‘Yesterday’ is an adverb of —
A. Manner
B. Place
C. Time
D. Degree
✅ Answer: C
16. ‘She hardly studies.’
‘Hardly’ shows —
A. Time
B. Degree
C. Manner
D. Place
✅ Answer: B
17. ‘The child went outside.’
‘Outside’ is an adverb of —
A. Place
B. Manner
C. Degree
D. Time
✅ Answer: A
18. ‘He works very carefully.’
‘Very’ is an adverb of —
A. Manner
B. Time
C. Degree
D. Place
✅ Answer: C
19. ‘Hopefully, we will succeed.’
‘Hopefully’ is a —
A. Adverb of manner
B. Conjunctive adverb
C. Sentence adverb
D. Adverb of degree
✅ Answer: C
20. ‘It was raining; however, we continued.’
‘However’ is a —
A. Sentence adverb
B. Conjunctive adverb
C. Adverb of manner
D. Adverb of degree
✅ Answer: B
21. ‘He looked everywhere.’
‘Everywhere’ is an adverb of —
A. Time
B. Place
C. Degree
D. Manner
✅ Answer: B
22. ‘She seldom comes here.’
‘Seldom’ is an adverb of —
A. Manner
B. Time/Frequency
C. Place
D. Degree
✅ Answer: B
23. ‘The train arrived late.’
‘Late’ is an adverb of —
A. Place
B. Degree
C. Time
D. Manner
✅ Answer: C
24. ‘He walked upstairs.’
‘Upstairs’ is an adverb of —
A. Time
B. Manner
C. Place
D. Degree
✅ Answer: C
25. ‘She almost finished the work.’
‘Almost’ is an adverb of —
A. Time
B. Place
C. Degree
D. Manner
✅ Answer: C
C. Adverb vs Adjective (Q26–35)
26. ‘He is a fast runner.’
‘Fast’ is a —
A. Adverb
B. Adjective
C. Verb
D. Noun
✅ Answer: B
27. ‘He runs fast.’
‘Fast’ is a —
A. Adjective
B. Noun
C. Verb
D. Adverb
✅ Answer: D
28. Which word is used as an adjective?
A. Carefully
B. Slowly
C. Friendly
D. Quickly
✅ Answer: C
29. ‘She is very careful.’
‘Very’ modifies —
A. Noun
B. Verb
C. Adjective
D. Pronoun
✅ Answer: C
30. ‘He behaved badly.’
‘Badly’ modifies —
A. Noun
B. Verb
C. Adjective
D. Pronoun
✅ Answer: B
31. Which sentence is correct?
A. She sings beautiful
B. She sings beautifully
C. She beautiful sings
D. She sings beauty
✅ Answer: B
32. Which word is an adverb here?
‘It is too hot today.’
A. hot
B. today
C. too
D. it
✅ Answer: C
33. ‘He is doing well.’
‘Well’ is —
A. Adjective
B. Adverb
C. Noun
D. Verb
✅ Answer: B
34. ‘She looks happy.’
‘Happy’ is —
A. Adverb
B. Adjective
C. Noun
D. Verb
✅ Answer: B
35. Which word can be both adjective and adverb?
A. Slowly
B. Carefully
C. Hard
D. Quickly
✅ Answer: C
D. Error Spotting (Q36–50)
36. She speaks very politelyly.
A. She
B. speaks
C. very
D. politelyly
✅ Answer: D
37. He reached home safely yesterday night.
A. reached
B. safely
C. yesterday night
D. home
✅ Answer: C
38. She did the work very good.
A. did
B. work
C. very
D. good
✅ Answer: D
39. He hardly works hard.
A. He
B. hardly
C. works
D. hard
✅ Answer: B
40. She runs more faster than me.
A. runs
B. more faster
C. than
D. me
✅ Answer: B
41. I will call you lately.
A. will
B. call
C. you
D. lately
✅ Answer: D
42. He is too much intelligent.
A. He
B. too much
C. intelligent
D. —
✅ Answer: B
43. She speaks English fluent.
A. speaks
B. English
C. fluent
D. —
✅ Answer: C
44. He reached early in the morning yesterday.
A. reached
B. early
C. in the morning
D. yesterday
✅ Answer: B
45. She almost has finished the work.
A. almost
B. has finished
C. the
D. work
✅ Answer: A
46. He behaved very rudelyly with elders.
A. behaved
B. very
C. rudelyly
D. elders
✅ Answer: C
47. She never hardly studies.
A. She
B. never
C. hardly
D. studies
✅ Answer: C
48. He walked slow towards the door.
A. walked
B. slow
C. towards
D. door
✅ Answer: B
49. She sings more beautifully than her sister.
A. sings
B. more beautifully
C. than
D. sister
✅ Answer: B
50. The train arrived very late yesterday night.
A. arrived
B. very
C. late
D. yesterday night
✅ Answer: D