क्रिया और उसके प्रकार (Verbs and Their Types) AISSEE / Sainik School / Military School Entrance Notes (Class 6-9 | अंग्रेजी सेक्शन | 6-10 अंक | 100% Exam-Focused)
1. क्रिया (Verb) क्या है?
वह शब्द जो कार्य, स्थिति या अस्तित्व बताता है। वाक्य की आत्मा → बिना क्रिया के वाक्य अधूरा!
उदाहरण:
- He runs fast. → कार्य
- She is happy. → स्थिति
- They have a car. → अस्तित्व
2. क्रिया के मुख्य प्रकार (Types of Verbs)
| प्रकार | परिभाषा | उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Transitive (सकर्मक) | Object लेती है | He eats rice. |
| 2. Intransitive (अकर्मक) | Object नहीं लेती | Birds fly. |
| 3. Auxiliary (सहायक) | मुख्य क्रिया की मदद | He is running. |
| 4. Modal (मॉडल) | संभावना/आवश्यकता | He can swim. |
| 5. Linking (संयोजक) | Subject को Complement से जोड़ती | She is a doctor. |
3. विस्तार से समझें (AISSEE फेवरेट)
A. सकर्मक vs अकर्मक (Transitive vs Intransitive)
| क्रिया | सकर्मक (Object के साथ) | अकर्मक (बिना Object) |
|---|---|---|
| Eat | He eats rice. | He eats. ✅ |
| Run | — | He runs. ✅ |
| Write | She writes a letter. | — |
| Sleep | — | Baby sleeps. ✅ |
ट्रिक: पूछो “क्या?” → उत्तर मिले → सकर्मक
B. सहायक क्रिया (Auxiliary Verbs)
| प्रकार | क्रिया | उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|
| Primary | is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did | He is playing. |
| Modal | can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to | You must study. |
C. संयोजक क्रिया (Linking Verbs)
| क्रिया | उदाहरण |
|---|---|
| be (is, am, are, was, were) | She is tall. |
| seem, appear | He seems happy. |
| become, get | It became dark. |
| feel, look, sound, taste, smell | The food tastes good. |
4. क्रिया रूप (Verb Forms)
| V1 (Base) | V2 (Past) | V3 (Past Participle) | V4 (Ing) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go | Went | Gone | Going |
| Eat | Ate | Eaten | Eating |
| Write | Wrote | Written | Writing |
| Play | Played | Played | Playing |
5. AISSEE पैटर्न प्रश्न (2020-2024)
| प्रकार | उदाहरण |
|---|---|
| Identify Verb | He runs fast. → runs |
| Transitive/Intransitive | She sings a song. → ? |
| Fill Modal | You ___ obey your parents. |
| Error Correction | He go to school. → ? |
| MCQ | ___ is a linking verb: is, run, eat |
📝 AISSEE पैटर्न MCQs (हल सहित)
Q1. निम्न में सकर्मक क्रिया है:
(a) Sleep (b) Run (c) Eat (d) Laugh उत्तर: (c) Eat तर्क: Eat what? → Object लेती है
Q2. “Birds fly.” → यह क्रिया है:
(a) Transitive (b) Intransitive (c) Modal (d) Linking उत्तर: (b) Intransitive तर्क: कोई Object नहीं
Q3. रिक्त स्थान भरें (Modal):
You ___ respect your teachers. (a) can (b) may (c) must (d) will उत्तर: (c) must तर्क: आवश्यकता/कर्तव्य
Q4. गलत सुधारें:
She sing a song.
उत्तर: sings तर्क: 3rd person singular → +s/es
Q5. Linking Verb चुनें:
(a) Run (b) Eat (c) Is (d) Write उत्तर: (c) Is
Q6. V3 रूप लिखें:
Go → ? उत्तर: Gone
🔥 AISSEE टिप्स (Pro Tricks)
| टिप | कैसे करें? |
|---|---|
| Object पूछो | क्या? किसे? → सकर्मक |
| Modal = संभावना | can (क्षमता), must (कर्तव्य), may (अनुमति) |
| Linking = स्थिति | is/are/was = Subject + Complement |
| +s/es नियम | he/she/it → +s/es |
| V3 = Perfect Tense | has/have/had + V3 |
🎯 AISSEE अभ्यास प्रश्न (Solve in 3 मिनट!)
- सकर्मक क्रिया है: (a) Sleep (b) Write (c) Dance (d) Laugh
- “The rose smells sweet.” → smells है: (a) Transitive (b) Intransitive (c) Linking (d) Modal
- रिक्त स्थान भरें: He ___ swim very well. (a) can (b) must (c) is (d) do
- गलत सुधारें: They plays football.
- V4 रूप: Study → ?
- सही वाक्य चुनें: (a) She go to market. (b) She goes to market. (c) She going to market. (d) She went to market.
उत्तर (नीचे देखो):
- (b) Write → Write what?
- (c) Linking → smell + sweet (स्थिति)
- (a) can → क्षमता
- play → They → no +s
- Studying
- (b) goes → 3rd person +s
⏰ टाइम मैनेजमेंट
| प्रकार | समय (प्रति प्रश्न) |
|---|---|
| Identify | 15 सेकंड |
| Trans/Intrans | 20 सेकंड |
| Modal Fill | 20 सेकंड |
| Error | 25 सेकंड |
| कुल 10 प्रश्न | 3 मिनट |
🔥 मेमोरी ट्रिक (याद करने का आसान तरीका)
TRANS = Transfer (Object भेजो) INTRANS = Independent (Object नहीं) MODAL = Magic Words (can, must, may) LINK = Bridge (Subject ↔ Complement) V1 V2 V3 → Go-Went-Gone
📚 DAILY VERB ROUTINE
| दिन | काम |
|---|---|
| सुबह | 10 क्रिया → Trans/Intrans लिखो |
| दोपहर | 5 Modal वाक्य बनाओ |
| शाम | 5 Linking वाक्य |
| रात | V1-V2-V3 रिवीजन |