वचन (Number)

English Grammar

📘 NUMBER (वचन) – COMPETITIVE NOTES

(School + Competitive | Hindi + English)


1️⃣ Number (वचन) – Definition

Hindi:
संज्ञा के एक या एक से अधिक होने की स्थिति को वचन (Number) कहते हैं।

English:
Number shows whether a noun is one (Singular) or more than one (Plural).


2️⃣ Types of Number (वचन के प्रकार)

🔹 Singular (एकवचन)

👉 One person / thing
Examples: Boy, Child, One book

🔹 Plural (बहुवचन)

👉 More than one
Examples: Boys, Children, Many books


3️⃣ Plural Formation Rules (बहुवचन बनाने के नियम)

✅ Rule 1: + s

Most nouns

  • Book → Books
  • Pen → Pens

✅ Rule 2: + es

Ends with s, sh, ch, x, z

  • Bus → Buses
  • Watch → Watches
  • Box → Boxes

✅ Rule 3: y → ies

(Consonant + y)

  • Baby → Babies
  • City → Cities

📌 Trick: y हटाओ + ies


✅ Rule 4: y → s

(Vowel + y)

  • Toy → Toys
  • Day → Days

✅ Rule 5: f / fe → ves

  • Wife → Wives
  • Leaf → Leaves
  • Knife → Knives

✅ Rule 6: o → es (Few words)

  • Potato → Potatoes
  • Hero → Heroes

✅ Rule 7: o → s (Most words)

  • Photo → Photos
  • Piano → Pianos

4️⃣ Irregular Plurals (अनियमित बहुवचन)

(No rule – must memorize)

  • Man → Men
  • Woman → Women
  • Child → Children
  • Foot → Feet
  • Tooth → Teeth
  • Mouse → Mice
  • Goose → Geese
  • Ox → Oxen

5️⃣ Same Singular & Plural Form

(एकवचन–बहुवचन समान)

  • Deer → Deer
  • Sheep → Sheep

✔ Three sheep


6️⃣ Always Plural Nouns

(हमेशा are लगेगा)

  • Police
  • Cattle
  • People
  • Scissors, trousers, glasses, pants

✔ Police are coming.
✔ Cattle are grazing.


7️⃣ Always Singular Nouns

(हमेशा is लगेगा)

  • News
  • Mathematics
  • Furniture
  • Advice, Information

✔ News is good.
✔ Mathematics is difficult.


8️⃣ Common Exam Errors (Very Important ⚠️)

❌ Childs → ✔ Children
❌ Tooths → ✔ Teeth
❌ Wifes → ✔ Wives
❌ Police is → ✔ Police are
❌ Mathematics are → ✔ Mathematics is


9️⃣ Super Memory Tricks (One-Look Revision)

  • + s → Normal nouns
  • s/sh/ch/x → + es
  • Consonant + y → ies
  • f / fe → ves
  • 5 Golden Irregulars:
    Man–Men | Child–Children | Foot–Feet | Tooth–Teeth | Mouse–Mice
  • Police / Cattle / People → are
  • News / Furniture / Mathematics → is

🔟 Mini Practice (Competitive Pattern)

  1. Baby → ? → Babies
  2. Box → ? → Boxes
  3. Sheep (plural) → Sheep
  4. The news ___ true. → is
  5. Cattle ___ grazing. → are
Scroll to Top